a Polish Jewish writer, fine artist, literary critic and art teacher. He is regarded as one of the great Polish-language prose stylists of the 20th century

a French author and playwright, best known for his collaborations with Henri Meilhac on Georges Bizet's Carmen and on the works of Jacques Offenbach

a Belgian novelist whose efforts laid the basis for a native Belgian literature.

a major contributor to the birth of modern organic chemistry

a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He proposed in 1742 (an inverted form of) the Centigrade temperature scale which was later renamed Celsius in his honour.

a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure, the discoverer of formaldehyde (1859) and the discoverer of the formose reaction (1861).