a French astronomer. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of 110 nebulae and star clusters, which came to be known as the Messier objects

a German geographer and geologist and the father of Walther Penck

a Russian physicist of Baltic German descent who is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834

a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's Newcomen steam engine, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution

a German mathematician, noted for his proof, published in 1882, that π is a transcendental number, meaning it is not a root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.

a German chemist most notable for first synthesizing procaine in 1905 which he patented under the name Novocain.