an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but also for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.

a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.

a French painter and writer, now better remembered for his writings.

a Russian Imperial composer

a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity.

a Danish biochemist and physiologist.