a French landscape and portrait painter. His vast output simultaneously referenced the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipated the plein-air innovations of Impressionism.

a French astronomer who, along with English scientist Joseph Lockyer, is credited with discovering the gaseous nature of the solar chromosphere, and with some justification the element helium.

a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be discovered.

a French novelist and art critic most famous for the novel À rebours (1884), published in English as Against the Grain or Against Nature).

a French mathematician and engineer.

a German poet and philosopher. Described by Norbert von Hellingrath as "the most German of Germans", Hölderlin was a key figure of German Romanticism.