a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

a French meteorologist and a pioneer in the field of aerology. Together with Richard Assmann (1845-1918), he is credited as co-discoverer of the stratosphere,

an English biologist and anthropologist who specialized in comparative anatomy. He has become known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

a British peer and physicist. He discovered "active nitrogen" and was the first to distinguish the glow of the night sky.

a German botanist from Breslau, Prussian Silesia. Sachs is considered the founder of experimental plant physiology and co-founder of modern water culture.

a German-American physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. He was the second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925–1945