a German Romantic composer, teacher, and conductor who wrote more than 200 works, including three violin concertos, the first of which has become a staple of the violin repertoire

an Italian experimental physicist. He made major contributions to particle physics and the study of cosmic rays.

an important figure in eighteenth-century English and American Unitarianism

a Dutch scientist. He was a professor in Duisburg, Utrecht, and Leiden, where he held positions in mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and astronomy

a Scottish obstetrician and a significant figure in the history of medicine. known for use of chloroform as anaesthetic in childbirth, design of obstetric forceps

a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time.