a Russian novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and journalist, who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky.

a German poet, writer and literary critic, best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry

a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters

an English physiologist regarded as a founder of endocrinology; coined the word "insulin"

a German physicist and optical lens manufacturer. He made optical glass and achromatic telescope objective lenses, invented the spectroscope, and developed diffraction grating

a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow.